Rail transport
InterCityExpress train, Stuttgart
Railways:
total: 40,826 km, including
at least 14,253 km electrified and
14,768 km double- or multiple-tracked (1998)
Deutsche Bahn (German Rail) is the major German railway infrastructure and service operator. Though Deutsche Bahn is a private company, the government still holds all shares and therefore Deutsche Bahn can still be called a state-owned company. Since its privatisation in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DB AG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access.
There are significant differences between the financing of long-distance and short-distance (or local) trains in Germany. While long-distance trains can be run by any railway company, the companies also receive no subsidies from the government; instead, the long-distance trains receive no direct subventions for current operations. Local trains however are subsidised by the German states, which pay the operating companies to run these trains. This resulted in many private companies offering to run local train services as they can provide cheaper service than the state-owned Deutsche Bahn. Track construction is entirely and track maintenance partly government financed both for long and short range trains.
The InterCityExpress or ICE is a type of high-speed train operated by Deutsche Bahn in Germany and large cities in neighbouring countries, such as Zürich, Vienna, Paris, Amsterdam, Liège and Brussels. The rail network throughout Germany is extensive and provides excellent services in most areas. On regular lines, at least one train every two hours will call even in the smallest of villages. Nearly all larger metropolitan areas are served by S-Bahn, U-Bahn, Strassenbahn and/or bus network.
Rail links in adjacent countries
Denmark — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/25 kV AC
Poland — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/3 kV DC
Czech Republic — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/3 kV DC
Austria — same gauge — same voltage
Switzerland — same gauge — same voltage
France — same gaugem — voltage change 15 kV AC/(25 kV AC or 1500 V DC).
Luxembourg — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/(25 kV AC or 3 kV DC)
The Netherlands — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/1500 V DC
Betuweroute - same gauge = voltage change 15kV AC/ 25 kV AC - freight only
Belgium — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/ 3 kV DC
International passenger trains
(only major connections listed)
Amsterdam Centraal — Berlin Ostbahnhof:
Amsterdam Centraal, Netherlands
Amersfoort, Netherlands
Deventer, Netherlands
Hengelo, Netherlands
Bad Bentheim, Lower Saxony
Rheine, North Rhine-Westphalia
Osnabrück Hbf, Lower Saxony
Bünde, North Rhine-Westphalia
Bad Oeynhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia
Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia
Hannover Hbf, Lower Saxony
Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony
Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt
Berlin Spandau
Berlin Zoo
Berlin Ostbahnhof
Amsterdam Centraal — Vienna Westbf:
(see also Transportation in the Netherlands)
Emmerich, North Rhine-Westphalia
Wesel
Oberhausen Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Duisburg Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Düsseldorf Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Köln Hbf North Rhine-Westphalia
Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, Hesse
Nürnberg Hbf, Bavaria
Regensburg Hbf
Straubing
Plattling
Passau Hbf
(see also Transportation in Austria)
Copenhagen Hovedbanegarden — Hamburg Hauptbahnhof:
Copenhagen, Denmark
Roskilde, Denmark
Ringsted, Denmark
Næstved, Denmark
Nykøbing, Denmark
Rødby, Denmark
Puttgarden, Schleswig-Holstein
Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein
Neustadt, Schleswig-Holstein
Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein
Hamburg Hbf, Hamburg
Novosibirsk/Astana/Moscow/Saint Petersburg/Kharkiv — Berlin Lichtenberg (not all stations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine listed):
Astana, Kazakhstan
Saratov, Russia
Minsk, Belarus
Moscow Belorusskaya, Russia
Minsk, Belarus
Brest, Belarus
Warsaw Wschodnia, Poland
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Kiev, Ukraine
Yahodyn, Ukraine
Warsaw Wschodnia, Poland
Warszawa Centralna station, Poland
Warsaw Zachodnia, Poland
Kutno, Poland
Konin, Poland
Poznań, Poland
Świebodzin, Poland
Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg
Berlin Lichtenberg
Berlin — Prague Holesovice:
Berlin Ostbahnhof
Elsterwerda, Brandenburg
Dresden-Neustadt, Saxony
Dresden Hbf, Saxony
Bad Schandau, Saxony
Děčín, Czech Republic
Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
Prague Holesovice, Czech Republic
Frankfurt am Main — Strasbourg/Basel:
Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, Hesse
Mannheim Hbf, Baden-Württemberg
Karlsruhe Hbf, Baden-Württemberg
Kehl, Baden-Württemberg
Strasbourg, France
Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg
Basel Badischer Bahnhof, Germany/Switzerland
Munich — Verona:
München Hbf, Bavaria
München Ost, Bavaria
Rosenheim, Bavaria
Kufstein, Tirol, Austria
Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof, Tirol, Austria
Brenner Pass, Austria — Italy
Bolzano, Italy
Trento, Italy
Verona Porta Nuova, Italy
It is also possible to travel to London, United Kingdom by changing onto the Eurostar at Brussels
International freight trains
While Germany and most of contiguous Europe use standard gauge (1435 mm), differences in signalling, rules and regulations, electrification voltages, etc. tend to hamstring freight operations across borders. These obstacles are slowly being overcome, with international (in- and outgoing) and transit (through) traffic being responsible for a large part of the recent uptake in rail freight volume.
S-Bahn
In some areas of Germany an urban railway called S-Bahn is in operation. These trains usually connect larger agglomerations to the suburban areas, although in the case of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn these also serve as a method of interurban transport between large cities.
Metros
Train of the U-Bahn Berlin
Relatively few cities have a full-fledged underground U-Bahn system, and S-Bahn (suburban commuter railway) systems are far more common. In some cities the distinction between U-Bahn and S-Bahn systems is blurred, for instance some S-Bahn systems run underground, have frequencies similar to U-Bahn, and form part of the same integrated transport network. A larger number of cities has upgraded their tramways to light rail standards. These systems are called Stadtbahn (not to be confused with S-Bahn),on main line rails.
Cities with pure U-Bahn systems are:
Berlin (U-Bahn)
Hamburg (U-Bahn)
Frankfurt am Main (U-Bahn)
Munich (U-Bahn)
Nuremberg/Fürth (U-Bahn)
Cities with Stadtbahn systems can be found in the article Trams in Germany
InterCityExpress train, Stuttgart
Railways:
total: 40,826 km, including
at least 14,253 km electrified and
14,768 km double- or multiple-tracked (1998)
Deutsche Bahn (German Rail) is the major German railway infrastructure and service operator. Though Deutsche Bahn is a private company, the government still holds all shares and therefore Deutsche Bahn can still be called a state-owned company. Since its privatisation in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DB AG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access.
There are significant differences between the financing of long-distance and short-distance (or local) trains in Germany. While long-distance trains can be run by any railway company, the companies also receive no subsidies from the government; instead, the long-distance trains receive no direct subventions for current operations. Local trains however are subsidised by the German states, which pay the operating companies to run these trains. This resulted in many private companies offering to run local train services as they can provide cheaper service than the state-owned Deutsche Bahn. Track construction is entirely and track maintenance partly government financed both for long and short range trains.
The InterCityExpress or ICE is a type of high-speed train operated by Deutsche Bahn in Germany and large cities in neighbouring countries, such as Zürich, Vienna, Paris, Amsterdam, Liège and Brussels. The rail network throughout Germany is extensive and provides excellent services in most areas. On regular lines, at least one train every two hours will call even in the smallest of villages. Nearly all larger metropolitan areas are served by S-Bahn, U-Bahn, Strassenbahn and/or bus network.
Rail links in adjacent countries
Denmark — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/25 kV AC
Poland — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/3 kV DC
Czech Republic — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/3 kV DC
Austria — same gauge — same voltage
Switzerland — same gauge — same voltage
France — same gaugem — voltage change 15 kV AC/(25 kV AC or 1500 V DC).
Luxembourg — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/(25 kV AC or 3 kV DC)
The Netherlands — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/1500 V DC
Betuweroute - same gauge = voltage change 15kV AC/ 25 kV AC - freight only
Belgium — same gauge — voltage change 15 kV AC/ 3 kV DC
International passenger trains
(only major connections listed)
Amsterdam Centraal — Berlin Ostbahnhof:
Amsterdam Centraal, Netherlands
Amersfoort, Netherlands
Deventer, Netherlands
Hengelo, Netherlands
Bad Bentheim, Lower Saxony
Rheine, North Rhine-Westphalia
Osnabrück Hbf, Lower Saxony
Bünde, North Rhine-Westphalia
Bad Oeynhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia
Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia
Hannover Hbf, Lower Saxony
Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony
Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt
Berlin Spandau
Berlin Zoo
Berlin Ostbahnhof
Amsterdam Centraal — Vienna Westbf:
(see also Transportation in the Netherlands)
Emmerich, North Rhine-Westphalia
Wesel
Oberhausen Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Duisburg Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Düsseldorf Hbf, North Rhine-Westphalia
Köln Hbf North Rhine-Westphalia
Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, Hesse
Nürnberg Hbf, Bavaria
Regensburg Hbf
Straubing
Plattling
Passau Hbf
(see also Transportation in Austria)
Copenhagen Hovedbanegarden — Hamburg Hauptbahnhof:
Copenhagen, Denmark
Roskilde, Denmark
Ringsted, Denmark
Næstved, Denmark
Nykøbing, Denmark
Rødby, Denmark
Puttgarden, Schleswig-Holstein
Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein
Neustadt, Schleswig-Holstein
Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein
Hamburg Hbf, Hamburg
Novosibirsk/Astana/Moscow/Saint Petersburg/Kharkiv — Berlin Lichtenberg (not all stations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine listed):
Astana, Kazakhstan
Saratov, Russia
Minsk, Belarus
Moscow Belorusskaya, Russia
Minsk, Belarus
Brest, Belarus
Warsaw Wschodnia, Poland
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Kiev, Ukraine
Yahodyn, Ukraine
Warsaw Wschodnia, Poland
Warszawa Centralna station, Poland
Warsaw Zachodnia, Poland
Kutno, Poland
Konin, Poland
Poznań, Poland
Świebodzin, Poland
Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg
Berlin Lichtenberg
Berlin — Prague Holesovice:
Berlin Ostbahnhof
Elsterwerda, Brandenburg
Dresden-Neustadt, Saxony
Dresden Hbf, Saxony
Bad Schandau, Saxony
Děčín, Czech Republic
Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
Prague Holesovice, Czech Republic
Frankfurt am Main — Strasbourg/Basel:
Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, Hesse
Mannheim Hbf, Baden-Württemberg
Karlsruhe Hbf, Baden-Württemberg
Kehl, Baden-Württemberg
Strasbourg, France
Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg
Basel Badischer Bahnhof, Germany/Switzerland
Munich — Verona:
München Hbf, Bavaria
München Ost, Bavaria
Rosenheim, Bavaria
Kufstein, Tirol, Austria
Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof, Tirol, Austria
Brenner Pass, Austria — Italy
Bolzano, Italy
Trento, Italy
Verona Porta Nuova, Italy
It is also possible to travel to London, United Kingdom by changing onto the Eurostar at Brussels
International freight trains
While Germany and most of contiguous Europe use standard gauge (1435 mm), differences in signalling, rules and regulations, electrification voltages, etc. tend to hamstring freight operations across borders. These obstacles are slowly being overcome, with international (in- and outgoing) and transit (through) traffic being responsible for a large part of the recent uptake in rail freight volume.
S-Bahn
In some areas of Germany an urban railway called S-Bahn is in operation. These trains usually connect larger agglomerations to the suburban areas, although in the case of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn these also serve as a method of interurban transport between large cities.
Metros
Train of the U-Bahn Berlin
Relatively few cities have a full-fledged underground U-Bahn system, and S-Bahn (suburban commuter railway) systems are far more common. In some cities the distinction between U-Bahn and S-Bahn systems is blurred, for instance some S-Bahn systems run underground, have frequencies similar to U-Bahn, and form part of the same integrated transport network. A larger number of cities has upgraded their tramways to light rail standards. These systems are called Stadtbahn (not to be confused with S-Bahn),on main line rails.
Cities with pure U-Bahn systems are:
Berlin (U-Bahn)
Hamburg (U-Bahn)
Frankfurt am Main (U-Bahn)
Munich (U-Bahn)
Nuremberg/Fürth (U-Bahn)
Cities with Stadtbahn systems can be found in the article Trams in Germany
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