Catatan Ku

Air transport Frankfurt Airport Terminal 1 Frankfurt International Airport is a major international airport and European transportation hub. Frankfurt Airport ranks among the world's top ten airports and serves 304 flight destinations in 110 countries. It is the airport with the largest number of international destinations served worldwide. Depending on whether total passengers, flights or cargo traffic are used as a measure, it ranks first, second or third in Europe alongside London Heathrow Airport and Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport . Germany's second most important international airport is Munich . Other major airports are Berlin Tegel , Berlin Schönefeld , Düsseldorf , Hamburg , Cologne-Bonn , Leipzig/Halle and in the future Berlin Brandenburg International Airport . Short distances and the extensive network of motorways and railways make airplanes uncompetitive for travel within Germany. Only about 1% of all distance travelled was by plane in 2002. But due to a declini

Water transport Hamburg Harbour Waterways: 7,500 km (1999); major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe ; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea , the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal links Rotterdam on the North Sea with the Black Sea. Pipelines: crude oil 2,500 km (1998) Ports and harbours: Berlin , Bonn , Brake , Bremen , Bremerhaven , Cologne , Dortmund , Dresden , Duisburg , Emden , Hamburg , Karlsruhe , Kiel , Lübeck , Magdeburg , Mannheim , Oldenburg , Rostock , Stuttgart The port of Hamburg is the largest sea-harbour in Germany and ranks #2 in Europe, #7 worldwide (2004), in total container traffic. Merchant marine:total: 475 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 6,395,990 GRT/8,014,132 metric tons deadweight (DWT)ships by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo ship 181, chemical tanker 12, container ship 239, Liquified Gas Carrier 2, multi-functional large load carrier 5, passenger ship 2, petroleum tanker 8, rail c

Rail transport InterCityExpress train, Stuttgart Railways: total: 40,826 km, including at least 14,253 km electrified and 14,768 km double- or multiple-tracked (1998) Deutsche Bahn (German Rail) is the major German railway infrastructure and service operator. Though Deutsche Bahn is a private company, the government still holds all shares and therefore Deutsche Bahn can still be called a state-owned company. Since its privatisation in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DB AG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access. There are significant differences between the financing of long-distance and short-distance (or local) trains in Germany. While long-distance trains can be run by any railway company, the companies also receive no subsidies from the government; instead, the long-distance trains r

Transport in Germany

Road and automotive transport Map of the German autobahn network The volume of traffic in Germany, especially goods transportation, is at a very high level due to its central location in Europe. In the past few decades, much of the freight traffic shifted from rail to road, which led the Federal Government to introduce a motor toll for trucks in 2005. Individual road usage increased resulting in a relatively high traffic density to other nations. A further increase of traffic is expected in the future. High-speed vehicular traffic has a long tradition in Germany given that the first freeway ( Autobahn ) in the world, the AVUS , and the world's first automobile were developed and built in Germany. Germany possesses one of the most dense road systems of the world. German motorways have no blanket speed limit . However, posted limits are in place on many dangerous or congested stretches as well as where traffic noise or pollution poses a problem. The German government has had issue

Newspapers in Germany The complexion of the print media in eastern Germany changed markedly with unification. By mid-1991 only 100,000 copies of East Germany's most widely circulated newspaper, Neues Deutschland , the newspaper of the communist party, were being printed daily, down from roughly 1 million in the recent past. Western consortia bought many of the other established urban newspapers and brought in new management. According to a public opinion survey during the 1990 national election, 68 percent of western Germans and 88 percent of eastern Germans read a newspaper on a regular basis. Not surprisingly, Germany boasts among the highest per capita newspaper circulations within Europe. The press is privately owned, and most Germans rely on local or regional newspapers for their information. Five daily newspapers enjoy good reputations nationally because of their sophisti

Prussia's Emergence as a Military Power The German military heritage was epitomized by a succession of Prussian rulers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The first of these was the Great Elector, Frederick William (r. 1640-88), who recognized that a standing army with an elite officer corps was the key to the development of a powerful state in his remote part of the empire. His grandson, Frederick William I (r. 1713-40), more than doubled the size of his professional army to 90,000 and added a trained reserve of conscripted peasants, forming one of the most modern and efficient fighting units in eighteenth-century Europe. Heavy taxes supported the army, which consumed 80 percent of state revenues even in peacetime. The next Prussian king, Frederick II (r. 1740-86), known to posterity as Frederick the Great, raised the strength of the army to 150,000 and launched a series of

The German Military in Two World Wars Prussian-German excellence in military matters was an accepted fact of life, but in the twentieth century the excessive accent on militarism led to two disastrous world wars. Germany's insistence on building a fleet that could challenge Britain's naval domination underscored German bellicosity and pushed Britain toward alignment with France and Russia. When World War I broke out in 1914, Germany attempted to conquer France quickly with a sudden thrust through Belgium. The Germans nearly reached Paris, but the desperate French managed to stiffen their defenses along the Marne River. The front was stabilized in northern France and shifted little during the course of the war in spite of the sacrifice of whole armies in the effort to break through opposing defenses. Although Germany was able to force Russia out of the war in March

Federal Police Agencies in Germany Established in 1951, the Federal Border Force (Bundesgrenzschutz--BGS) was the first federal police organization permitted by the Allied occupation authorities. During the early 1950s, there were frequent incidents on the borders with East Germany and Czechoslovakia, and the occupation authorities became convinced of the need for a competent border police. Even though the BGS is organized along paramilitary lines, that is, in battalions, companies, and platoons, and is armed as light infantry, it remains a police force controlled by the Ministry of Interior rather than by the Ministry of Defense. The strength of the BGS was 24,000 in early 1995. The BGS is equipped with armored cars, machine guns, automatic rifles, tear gas, hand grenades, rifle grenades, and antitank weapons. All personnel on border duty wear sidearms. Some units have ligh

Physical Map of Germany Germany has, in addition to coastline and mountains, forests, hills, plains, and river valleys. Several navigable rivers flow along the uplands. Canals connect the rivers of the Elbe, Rhine and Danube and link the North Sea with the Baltic.

Flora And Fauna of Germany About one-third of the country is covered with woodlands and consists of trees like oak, ash, elm, beech, birch, pine, fir, and larch. The animals include deer, red foxes, hares, and weasels. Migratory birds include various species of songbirds, storks, geese, and other larger fowl that fly into Germany from Africa. Herring, flounder, cod, and ocean perch are also found near the coastal waters.

Climate of Germany Germany has mainly moderate climate, characterized by cool winters and warm summers. River valleys like Rhine tend to be humid and somewhat warmer in both winter and summer, whereas mountain areas can be much colder. Rainfall on an average is much heavier towards the south, especially along the Alpine slopes, which force incoming weather fronts to rise and shed their moisture in the form of rain and snow.

Facts and Figures Official Name (Federal Republic of Germany) Bundersrepublik Deutschland Capital Berlin Population 82 million Area 357,020 sq km Currency Euro ($1=1.08) Religion Christianity Literacy 100% Languages German Major Cities Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Colonge, Frankfurt, Leipzig Climate Mainly moderate climate

Germany Profile